Showing posts with label eco-care. Show all posts
Showing posts with label eco-care. Show all posts
OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION PROCESS
MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
Substrate :
A large number of agriculture, forest and
agro-industrial byproducts are useful for growing oyster mushroom. Substrates
should be fresh, dry and free from mould infestation. Oyster mushroom can
utilize a large number of agro-wastes including straw of wheat, paddy and ragi,
stalks and leaves of maize, jowar, bajra, and cotton, sugarcane bagasse, jute
and cotton waste, peanut shells, dried
grasses, sunflower stalks, used tea leaf and discarded waste paper. It can also
be cultivated using industrial wastes like paper mill sludge, coffee
by-products, tobacco waste etc. About 1.5 -2.0 kg of good substrate will be
required per bag of 80 cm x 40 cm size.
Mushroom Spawn
Three to four week old non-contaminated
spawn @ 10 % of dry weight of the substrate is required for the purpose. Spawn of good quality should
be collected from a reliable source. Further, the species / variety should be
chosen basing on the temperature and relative humidity of the cropping season
of the locality. Just prior to use the 200 gm Spawn is extracted from the
bottle with hooked iron rod and divided into four parts.
Substrate Supplementation
Some of the common supplements are wheat
bran, rice bran, soybean cake, groundnut cake, maize meal, horse gram powder,
cotton seed meal etc. wheat bran and rice bran should be used at the rate of
10%, while other should be tried @ 3-6% on dry weight basis of the substrate.
Supplements after pasteurization are thoroughly mixed with straw while
spawning. Addition of supplements increases the substrate temperature and
hence, it is risky during the work period to supplement the substrate.
Polythene Bag
Transparent polythene tube of 125-150 gauge
with a dimension of 80 cm x 40 cm is suitable for oyster cultivation. Bags of
60 cm x 40 cm may also be used for the
purpose. The bags can be reused for the second crop after proper cleaning.
CULTIVATION PROCEDURE
Substrate Processing
Freshly procured good quality substrate is
chopped to 4-5 cm size by a chaff cutter and steeped in a chemical solution of
carbendazim 50 % WP(75ppm) and formal dehide (500 ppm) for a period of 6 hours.
Then the straw is taken out and excess water is to be drained. Ninty liters of
water mixed with 7.5 g carbendazim 50% WP and 125 ml formaldehide(37-40%) will
be appropriate for the purpose. However seam and hot water treatment methods
are preferred as there are reports of phytotoxicity associated with chemical
treatment. Here, the pre-wetted substrate after chopping is soaked in hot water
(65-700 C ) for one our. In case of steam pasteurization, the pre-wetted
straw is steam pasteurized at 60-700 C for one hour, cooled at room
temperature and then seeded with spawn. Through pasteurization, the competitor
moulds are either killed or their growth is suppressed for 25-40 days after
spawning.
The substrate is dried in shade for few
hours in order to maintain the moisture level of 55-60%. The substrate
necessary for raising one bag may be divided into four lots after drying.
Raising of bag
One end of the polythene tube is tied with
a rubber band and the moistened substrate is put inside to a height of 15 cm.
Substrate is then gently pressed and one part each of spawn(50g) and
supplement(50 g) spread at the periphery close to polythene(See the Video).
Like wise, four such layers are made and
the bag is closed at the upper end after pressing the substrate. For a bag out
of 2 kg of dry straw, 200 g each spawn and supplement will be used. 15-20 small
holes(0.5 cm diameter) should be made on all sides to facilitate gas exchange.
Instead of layer spawning, mixed spawning may also be followed where the
required quantity of spawn is mixed with the prepared substrate(soaked straw)
and incorporated into the bag. The bags are then incubated in a well ventilated
room at 250 C. During the mycelial growth bags should not be opened.
After Care
Once the mycelium has fully colonized the
substrate forming a thick mycelial mat, it is ready for fruiting. Contaminated
bags with mould may be discarded while bags with patchy mycelia growth may be
left for few more days for completion of the mycelia growth. These bags are
opened after 15-16 days. But in case of P. eous and P. djamore var. are opened
after 12 days as fruiting comes out within these. The bundles after opening are
arranged on shelves at a distance of 20 cm between each bag in the tier or
hanged with plastic rope. Appropriate temperature (20-300 C),
humidity(70-80%) and light(200 lux) with good ventilation should be maintained
in the cropping room. Bags are watered twice daily depending upon the weather
condition.
Harvesting
Primordia(small eggs) appears within 4-5
days of opening the bag that came to the harvestable stage 3-4 days later. The
mushrooms should be harvested when the cap begins to fold inwards. Picking is
done by twisting the mushroom gently without disturbing the surrounding fruit
bodies. Crop should not be watered before harvesting. The second crop appears after 7-10 days. Hence within 45 days crop period, 3-4 crops are
expected. With exception, under suitable growing condition, a biological
efficiency of 100% is achieved in commercial farms.
Yield
Per Bag : 1.5 kg
- 2.0 Kg.
By Dr. Kailash Behari Mohapatra &
Dr. Niranjan Chinara
CULTIVATION OF WHITE BUTTON MUSHROOM